Abbreviations & Acronyms (Part -- 1)

Abbreviations & Acronyms (Part -- 1) 

Abbreviation or Acronyms সাধারণত কোন নাম বা বাক্যের শব্দগুলোর প্রথম এক বা একাদিক অক্ষরের সমন্বয়ে গঠিত হয়।

Abbreviation and Acronyms এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য:-

Acronyms ও এক ধরনের abbreviation কিন্তু এদের মধ্যে একটা পার্থক্য রয়েছে। Abbreviation এ প্রতিটি অক্ষরকে আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় এবং এটাকে শব্দ হিসেবে পড়া হয় না ।

Acronyms কে একটি শব্দ হিসেবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় এবং Abbreviation এর মত প্রতিটি অক্ষরকে আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করা হয় না।

Example: – ISO (International organization of Standardization).

এটি abbreviation কারণ এখানে প্রতিটি letter কে আলাদা আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করতে হয় । উচ্চারণটা এরকম “আইএসও” –

কিন্তু NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

এটি acronym এর উদাহরণ । কারণ এটিকে একটি শব্দের মত করে উচ্চারণ করা যায় । উচ্চারণটা এরকম “ন্যাটো”

নিচে category অনুযায়ী কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ abbreviations এবং acronym উল্লেখ করা হলঃ

▶ Time/ Zone/ Area:

1) GMT – Greenwich Mean Time.

2) GPS -Global Positioning System.

3) AM- Ante Meridiem (Before noon, morning).

4) PM – Post Meridiem (afternoon, evening).

5) B.C. – Before Christ.

6) EST – Eastern Standard Time.

7) U.S.A. – United States of America

▶ Education/ Degree:

1) Ph.D.- Doctor of Philosophy

2) MBBS – Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)

3) FCPS-Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons

4) B.A- Bachelor of Arts

5) BBA- Bachelor of Business Administration

6) MBA- Master of Business Administration

7) CSE- Computer Science & Engineering

8) MCS- Master of Computer Science

9) M.Sc.- Master of Science

10) LL.B. -Bachelor of Laws

11) BDS- Doctor of Dental Surgery or Doctor of Dental Science

12) ACCA-Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.

13) IELTS- International English Language Testing System

14) ISBN – International Standard Book Number

▶ Study/Reading/Writing:

1) E.g- Exempli gratia ( Latin which means ‘for example’).

2) N.B.- Nota Bene (Note Well)

3) etc.- et cetera (And so on)

4) Govt. – Government.

5) i.e. (or i.e. / I.E.)- “id est” (Latin which means “That is (to say)” or “in other words”).

6) IQ- Intelligence Quotient

7) Q&A – Question and Answer

8) DOB – Date Of Birth

9) FAQ- Frequently asked Questions

▶ Technology/ Computer:

1) PDA – Personal Digital Assistance.

2) ALU – Arithmetic Login Unit.

3) RAM – Random Access Memory

4) ROM –Read Only Memory.

5) DVD – Digital Video Disk.

6) CD –Compact Disk.

7) CD-RW – Compact Disk Rewritable.

8) ORM – Optical Mark Reader.

9) USB – Universal Serial Bus.

10) CAD – Computer Aided Design/Drafting.

11) IPS – Instant Power System.

12) UPS – UninterruptiblePower Supply

13) AC- Alternating Current / Air Condition.

14) DC – Direct Current.

15) HP – Hewlett-Packard (A Company Name) / Horse Power

16) LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

17) RADER – Radio Detection And Ranging.

18) ATM – Automated Teller Machine

19) VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol

▶ Internet/ Web/Mobile:

1) WWW- World Wide Web

2) HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

3) IP – Internet Protocol.

4) GPRS- General Packet Radio Service.

5) WAP – Wireless Application Protocol.

6) SIM- Subscriber Identity Module.

7) CDMA -Code Division Multiple Access.

8) GSM-The Global System for Mobile Communications.

9) EDGE -Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution.

10) ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.

11) FM- Frequency Modulation.

12) ID – Identification.

13) PIN – Personal Identification Number.

14) CMS – Content Management System.

▶ Organization/ Institute/ Business/Company/ Security:

1) DIG – Deputy Inspector General of Police.

2) GM- General Manager.

3) CEO – Chief Executive Officer.

4) HRD – Human Resources Department.

5) IBM – International Business Machine.

6) ISO – International Organization for Standardization.

7) ISD – International Subscriber Dialing.

8) BBC – British Broadcasting Corporation.

9) CNN -Cable News Network.

10) ESPN – Entertainment and Sports Programming Network

11) NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

12) SWAT – Special Weapons And Tactics

13) SWOR – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ( Analysis method).

14) SME – Small and Medium Enterprise.

15) WHO – World Health Organization.

16) NGO – Non-Governmental Organization.

17) BDS -Business Development Services.

18) BBC – British Broadcasting Corporation.

19) EU – European Union.

20) IRS – Internal Revenue Service

21) NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

22) NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

23) UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund.

24) FBI – Federal Bureau of Investigation.

25) CIA – Central Intelligence Agency.

26) POP – Post Office Protocol.

▶ Medical/Health:

1) CBC –Complete Blood Count.

2) ICU – Intensive Care Unit.

3) CCU – Cardiac Care Unit.

4) HIV -Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

5) AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

▶ Weight/ Volume:

1) gal. – gallon

2) lb – pound

3) oz – ounce

4) pt – pint

5) qt – quart

6) wt. – weight

7) vol. – volume

8) kg – kilogram

9) km- kilometer

10) m – meter

11) mg – milligram

12) mm – millimeter

13) in. – inch

14) ft – foot

15) mi – mile

16) yd – yard

▶ SMS/ Texting/ Chat:

1) B4N – Bye for now

2) ASAP – As soon as possible.

3) NP – No problem

4) TIC – Tongue in cheek

5) OMG- Oh My God.

6) KISS – Keep It Simple Stupid

7) LOL – Laughing Out Loud

8) BF – Boyfriend

9) GF – Girlfriend

List of Computing and IT Abbreviations

1)            AAC - Advanced Audio Coding

2)           AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation

3)           AMOLED - Active matrix organic light-emitting diode

4)           AMR - Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

5)           APN - Access Point Name

6)           ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network

7)           AVI - Audio Video Interleave

8)           BMP - Bitmap

9)           CAT - Common Admission Test

10)         CD - Compact Disk

11)          CDMA - Code Divison Multiple Access

COMPUTER - Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and